Functional neurological disorder (FND) involves a problem with how the brain sends and receives information. This condition, affecting functions beyond conscious control, manifests as symptoms like limb weakness and seizures, often accompanied by fatigue and pain. Diagnosis relies on recognizing clinical features typical of FND, not just normal test results for other conditions. Symptoms can vary widely, and common associated issues include chronic pain, fatigue, sleep problems, migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, depression, and more.

The exact cause of FND remains under research, but it involves disrupted brain circuits affecting communication with the body. Triggers may include the brain’s response to pain, migraines, perceived threats, and sometimes stressful events, although stress is not always a factor. Diagnosis involves assessing clinical features and possibly ruling out other conditions. Treatment focuses on rehabilitation therapies to improve daily functioning, with approaches like physiotherapy, occupational therapy, psychological therapy, and speech therapy. Medication adjustments should always be discussed with a healthcare provider. In children and teens, FND treatment is similar, emphasizing family and school support.

Reference: Functional neurological disorder. NHS inform. Updated November 21, 2022. Accessed August 6, 2024. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/brain-nerves-and-spinal-cord/functional-neurological-disorder/